Aktuelle Situation und Entwicklung Trend der horizontale direktionale Bohrtechnik

1.Introduction of horizontal directional drilling machine

Groß angelegte horizontale direktionale Bohranlage ist eine wichtige Ausrüstung für Grundleitung Netzaufbau Öl, Erdgas, Wasserversorgung und anderen Bereichen. Es hat die Vorteile der Intelligenz, Sicherheit, Schutz der Umwelt, Energie-Einsparung, schnelle Baugeschwindigkeit, niedrige Baukosten, und keine Auswirkungen auf den Verkehr, etc.. Es hat als umweltfreundliche Technologie für das 2. Jahrhundert durch die Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen über Umwelt und Entwicklung aufgeführt. Großen gerichtete Horizontalbohrungen wird in Erdöl verwendet., Erdgas, Wasserversorgung und Entwässerung, Strom, Kohle-Wasser-Suspension und anderen großen unterirdischen Pipeline verlegen eine ideale Ausrüstung, ist Energieeinsparung und Umweltschutz, hohe Effizienz der grabenlosen Baumaschinen, die Technik in erster Linie in den Vereinigten Staaten, Europa und anderen entwickelten Ländern und Bereich Entstehung und Entwicklung, inländische Rig Konstruktion und Fertigung von großen Unterschied im Vergleich zu ausländischen Bohrer.

Mit der rasanten Entwicklung Chinas ’ s nationale Großprojekte wie West-Ost-gas-Übertragung, Süd-Nord-Wasserverschleppung, China-Myanmar Öl- und Gas-Pipeline und China-Russland-Öl und Getriebe-Gaspipeline zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts, Produktion und Verkauf von großen horizontalen Richtungen Bohranlagen haben frühzeitig explosives Wachstum erlebt.. Daher, im vergangene Jahrzehnt kann auch aufgerufen werden, die “goldenen Jahrzehnt” Chinas ’ s grabenlose Ausrüstung.

2.The difference with foreign horizontal directional drilling machine

Ausländische Unternehmen, die große horizontale direktionale Bohranlagen hauptsächlich produzieren gehören Auger Gesellschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, Vermeer-Unternehmen, Deutsch-PRIME-Unternehmen, TT und Herrick Gesellschaft.

Die meisten ausländischen Produkte haben automatische Bohrvorrichtung der Rohr-Zugang, schnelle Verankerung Positioniereinrichtung, Anti-elektrischen Schlag Alarm und andere automatische und Sicherheit Schutz-System. Obwohl die heimischen horizontale direktionale Bohrmaschine spät begonnen, die Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit ist extrem schnell durch die Förderung einer Vielzahl von Bauprojekten. China ’ s nationalen Bedingungen unterscheiden sich von denen des Auslands, was der Unterschied in der Verwendung Bedarf und aktuellen Situation der Bohrmaschinen mit dem Ausland, vor allem in den folgenden Aspekten.

1)Chassis type of horizontal directional drilling machine

China ist ein Land mit einem riesigen Territorium und vielfältige geologische Bedingungen. Gross-Tonnage BOHRANLAGEN sind hauptsächlich im Bereich konstruiert.. Begrenzt durch die Baustelle, inländische BOHRANLAGEN verwenden oft Raupenfahrwerk selbst, mit geringen Anforderungen für Straßen und starke Passfähigkeiten.

Ausländischen BOHRANLAGEN profitieren von guten unterstützenden Bedingungen Grundausstattung. Das Chassis wird von Fahrzeugchassis Anhänger Typ dominiert., Das hat die Vorteile des bequemen und schnellen Transfer für bequemen Transport.

2)Drilling frame structure of horizontal directional drilling machine

Aufgrund der Annahme von Caterpillar chassis, der Motor ist in der Regel auf der Seite die Breite der gesamten Maschine angeordnet., welche Grenzen der Breitenrichtung der Bohrständer. Obwohl die Heckmotor-Layout verwendet werden kann, um die Breite der Bohrständer zu erhöhen, der Heckmotor-Layout führt oft der Nachteil der kleinen Ansatz Winkel oder Abfahrt Winkel des Gehens. Um die Mängel des Crawler Chassis zu überwinden, die Kipphebel-Struktur und der Schlupf des Bohrers Rahmens sollte ergriffen werden, um den Bau einstellen Mann-Boden-Winkel.

3.Major component analysis of horizontal directional drilling machine

1)Power head with booster structure of horizontal directional drilling machine

The drill with the function of increasing force can ensure the smooth construction and reduce the construction risk when the drag resistance is large.Catered to the domestic users “spend small money, do big things” idea.

2)Vise of horizontal directional drilling machine

Reliable clamping mechanism is the foundation of construction of directional drilling rig. Horizontal directional drilling technology comes from oil drilling. wie auch immer, als der Bau ist Zustand der horizontale direktionale Bohrinsel sehr verschieden von der Öl-Bohrinsel, das Drehmoment des horizontalen Richtungen Bohranlage ist groß, und Probleme wie Rod Schlupf sind sehr wahrscheinlich auftreten. Zur Zeit, Dreizylinder-Klemm-Schraubstock ist weit verbreitet in großen BOHRINSELN. Durch die Erhöhung der Winkel und die Kontaktfläche des Bohrgestänges, der Spann Stress des Bohrgestänges reduziert werden und das Drehmoment des Schäkels verbessert werden kann. Außerdem, in the long distance construction, the casing is generally required. In order to adapt to the casing construction method, the vise of the drill is often designed with a fully floating type.

3)Power of horizontal directional drilling machine

The power of large – scale drilling rig is larger.The overall cost of dual engine configuration is slightly lower. When guiding operation or small power output, one engine can be used to work, save energy, reduce construction cost, und noch wichtiger ist,, construction safety. Even if an engine fails, construction operation can still be carried out.

4) Hydraulic system of horizontal directional drilling machine

In grabenloser Bauweise, there are generally three stages: pilot hole, reaming hole and drag pipe. In these three stages, rotary torque and push and pull force have different requirements for engine power output.In the stage of reaming construction, the power demand of rotation is large and that of push and pull is small.But in the pipeline backhaul stage, the push and pull power output demand is big.

According to the construction requirements, the rotary system is generally applied with energy-saving closed hydraulic system, so as to achieve the goal of energy saving. Daher, in large drilling RIGS, the rotary system is generally applied with closed system.At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system, Pumpen, motors and other high efficiency plunger motor as energy conversion and execution components.

5)Elektrisches System der horizontalen Richtbohrmaschine

With the progress of modern electronic technology, PLC controller with reliable performance, stabile Qualität, strong logical intelligence characteristics, has been widely promoted and applied.At present, domestic horizontal directional drilling machines with PLC controllers are generally equipped with monitors and have the following functions:

5.1Main construction parameters digital display function of horizontal directional drilling machine

Drilling rig construction parameters (Drehmoment, rotation speed, Push- und pull, Push- und pull-Geschwindigkeit, mud pressure, mud flow) automatisch anzeigen.

5.2Intelligent control function of horizontal directional drilling machine

1. ein) der Bohrer führt die Selbstdiagnosefunktion von seinen eigenen Fehlern und Störungen der Geräte intelligent beurteilen können.

b)Die automatische Anwendung der energiesparenden Steuerung, die Bohrmaschine gilt die Leerlauf-Automatik, Wenn die Bohrmaschine hat kein Lastausgang, können automatisch den Ruhezustand eingeben, Kraftstoff sparen.

c)Power-Control-Funktion zu begrenzen: Je nach Konstruktion Last, the equipment adopts limit power control for the engine to prevent engine overload and extend the service life of the engine.

d)The use limit of the output torque and the maximum push and pull force of the equipment can be conveniently preset by applying the intelligent control system.

e)Vise clamping force control, the application of controller, easy to achieve the control function of the drilling rig clamping drill pipe force, but also can set up a protection program, such as in the vise clamping drill pipe, automatisch der Elektroteppichbürste hin-und herbewegen zu verbieten, um Schäden an der Ausrüstung durch Fehler Betrieb.

f)Effizienten Bauprozess. Die intelligente Steuerung kann die automatische und schnelle Konstruktion des Bohrers unter konstantem Drehmoment realisieren., konstanter Drehzahl, ständige Push und Pull oder konstante Push- und Pull-Geschwindigkeit, mit den Merkmalen der sofortige Reaktion Geschwindigkeit und Konstruktion Effizienz.

6)Safety protection of horizontal directional drilling machine

Bau-Sicherheit, in der abschließenden Analyse, is the safety of the lives of construction personnel and equipment safety.To ensure the long-term reliable work of drilling RIGS is the top priority in the design and manufacturing of large horizontal directional drilling RIGS. The safety of drilling RIGS generally has the following functions:

(1) safety emergency stop device, can stop the engine in case of emergency, according to the standard requirements, emergency stop device is generally arranged in the cab, Elektroteppichbürste, truck crane, amplitude change, vise and walking control box.In addition, in some unsafe areas, there is the possibility of someone entering by mistake, which will lead to a major construction accident, multiple protection devices must be set up.

(2) logic interlocking device, such as when the power head moves to the end of the drill stand or when the power head moves to the position of the drill stand bracket, the control system of the equipment can automatically slow down, stop and other actions, and give warning information to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

(3) overload safety protection device.Due to the complexity of construction geology, overload may occur during the construction. In case of overload, it is easy to cause the failure of sticking and breaking of drill pipe, and even cause more serious construction losses.

(4) limit position protection, mainly the limit position protection of the front and rear positions of the power head, to prevent the power head from touching the vise or the power head from coming out of the drill frame.

7)Ergonomic research and application of horizontal directional drilling machine

The construction of large drilling RIGS usually involves large diameter and long distance engineering construction, which usually requires a long construction period and a comfortable operating environment to improve the operating comfort of operators.

8)Components’ high cost performance of of horizontal directional drilling machine

Not only Chinese users, but also global users pay great attention to the cost performance of the product. On the basis of satisfying the product performance, reliability and good maintenance performance, the value engineering analysis method of the drilling rig is carried out to remove the redundant function of the product and reduce the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

4.Conclusion and prediction of horizontal directional drilling machine

As a kind of trenchless construction machinery, horizontal directional drilling machine also abided by the development trend of general construction machinery. From the development direction and development of existing general construction machinery, it can be predicted that the development trend of horizontal directional drilling machine is as follows:

(1) high integration of guidance technology and host control technology

The technology is divided into two steps: the first step is the integration of the pilot and the vehicle controller, and the information of the probe is displayed on the user’s monitor.

The second step is to realize the vehicle controller to realize the control of guided construction. The drilling curve is input into the display of the drilling rig, and the equipment will automatically complete the actual engineering construction along the input curve, or monitor the deviation between the drilling trajectory and the predetermined trajectory in real time, and remind the operator to correct o

(2) sound safety and protection functions

The vehicle-mounted safety protection system will achieve a breakthrough by upgrading the traditional alarm after electric shock to pre-alarm, Das heißt, the system will automatically alarm and shut down when approaching the high-voltage cable. This technology can significantly improve the construction safety.

(3) power source of energy conservation and emission reduction

Power system USES to meet higher standards of efi engine, due to the efi engine has a large range of output power and variable power output characteristics, especially for the high power engine of directional drilling, light or load hours, energy-saving significantly, will spread in directional drilling, the application and reduce fuel consumption and reduce the pollution of the environment o

(4) self-assembly transportation technology

Due to the fact that the self-weight of drilling RIGS exceeds the highway transportation limits prescribed by the traffic law, the convenient disassembly and transportation technology and even the self-disassembly and assembly technology can be popularized and applied, making the transfer of drilling RIGS more convenient.

(5) improvement of supporting capacity of drilling RIGS

With the improvement of the domestic basic steel level, the steel pipe with higher strength will be manufactured and put into use, and the drill pipe meeting the demand of the super-large tonnage drilling machine will be manufactured and promoted.

The airborne large-flow mud pump technology has achieved a breakthrough and gained popularity. Zur Zeit, the large-tonnage drilling RIGS are mainly independent mud pumps with high price, while the maximum size of mature airborne mud pumps is 600L.The airborne mud pump technology USES the main engine power, saves the engine procurement cost, and can greatly reduce the procurement cost after optimization.

(6) big torque drilling machine achieves breakthrough

Da die Leistung des Bohrers proportional zum Drehmoment der Elektroteppichbürste ist, Das heißt, P T·n

Daher, unter der Bedingung der konstante Drehzahl, Wenn der Aufbau-Leistungsfähigkeit erheblich verbessert werden soll, das Abtriebsdrehmoment des Bohrgeräts muss verbessert werden. Zur Zeit, die Bau-Begrenzung der direktionale Horizontalbohrungen große Tonnagen rig hauptsächlich liegt in der Begrenzung der Drill Pipe Drehmoment während der Bauphase. Sobald das Bohrgestänge mit große Drehkraft angewendet wird, das Drehmoment der Bohranlage wird ebenfalls verbessert werden, thus greatly improving the construction efficiency.

(7) application of iot technology in horizontal directional drilling rig

The effective transmission and management of construction data are carried out by using vehicle-mounted GPS, and the remote online fault diagnosis is simply realized by using the Internet of things system.Combined with guidance technology, the system can automatically generate and store the track map of the construction route after the completion of the drilling rig.Various construction parameters can also be stored and analyzed, and the data obtained can provide effective reference for the next construction under the same geological conditions.

(8) research on a new type of large torque shackle device

If the manufacturing technology of drill pipe achieves a breakthrough, with the increase of the output torque of the drill pipe, it is necessary to effectively prevent the drill pipe from slipping during the shackle during the construction, and a new vise structure is needed. With the help of this mechanism, the damage of the drill pipe caused by the jaw can be reduced, and the effective clamping of the drill pipe can be realized.

(9) promotion of new construction methods

The research on the new construction method of horizontal directional drilling machine is underway. The implementation of the new construction method can accelerate the construction speed. Zum Beispiel, the push pipe has been recognized by the majority of users.In addition, the directional pipe pushing method, which combines the horizontal directional drilling machine with the pipe jacking machine, overcomes the disadvantage of low head power of the pipe jacking machine.The mud treatment after construction is paid more and more attention by the environmental protection department and party a. How to use the environment-friendly and pollution-free formula and the equipment for mud post-treatment will also be promoted.

(10) expand new application fields

Zur Zeit, horizontal directional drilling RIGS are not only used in trenchless projects, but also in geothermal resource development, environmental management, slope management, shale gas, coal bed methane and other energy exploitation.

The success of horizontal directional drilling rig construction can not be achieved without reliable equipment, suitable mud and construction method, and excellent guiding curve. Only when the three coordinate with each other and form a unified whole, can the advantages of equipment be given full play and the construction tasks be completed timely, effectively and reliably.